1.
Effect Of Two Synchronization Protocols (Ovsynch Va 2Pg)And Gnrh Pn Day Of Breeding On Reproductive Performancein
by Hasan Riaz | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The main objective of the present study is to compare the two synchronization protocols (Ovsynch vs 2PG) on estrus response, follicular development, ovulation, pregnancy rate and fecundity in Beetal and Teddy breeds of Pakistan. The secondary objective is to determine the efficacy of GnRH at the time of breeding on pregnancy rate in Beetal goats. Experiment 1 was conducted with a total of 28 goats during breeding season (September-October) at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadurnagar, Okara. The goats were randomly allocated in one of two treatment groups, Ovsynch and two PGF treatments. The Ovsynch treated does received an intramuscular injection of GnRH analogue 12.5µg lecirelin (Dalmarelin®, Fatro, Italy), on "Day 0". On "Day 7" does were treated with injection of PGF2? analogue 37.5µg d-cloprostenol (Dalmazin®, Fatro, Italy,) followed by a second injection of 12.5µg lecirelin (Dalmarelin®, Fatro, Italy), after a 48h period. Animals in the double PGF group received two injections of 37.5µg d-cloprostenol (Dalmazin®, Fatro, Italy), 10 days apart. In order to determine the estrous response and its duration, two aproned bucks were used twice daily for 30 minutes after the last PGF2? injection in both groups until the termination of estrous signs. All goats were naturally bred 12h after the onset of estrus. Follicular and luteal activity was monitored by transrectal Ultrasonography (ALOKA, SSD 900 Japan) with the aid of a 7.5-MHz linear array transducer daily- from the start of treatment, until estrus and then twice a day until the cessation of large follicles (apparent ovulation). On day 7 after breeding, all goats were re-examined by transrectal ultrasonography to determine the ovulation rate, based upon the number of CL's present. Pregnancy rate and fecundity (no of embryos per doe) was again determined at Day 30 after breeding by transrectal ultrasonography. Experiment 2 was performed on 25 goats. These does were randomly allocated to two groups (GnRH, n=11 and Control, n=14). GnRH does received 12.5µg lecirelin on the day of natural breeding (12h after standing estrus), while the control does did not receive any treatment. Timing of ovulation, pregnancy rate and fecundity were assessed by transrectal ultrasonography as in Experiment 1. Estrus (Experiment 1) was detected in 10 out of 14 does (71%) in Ovsynch group, while all 14 goats (100%) of double PGF responded group. The interval from the last PGF injection to estrus was 48.0 ± 2.6h in the Ovsynch group, while 36.0 ± 1.2h in the double PGF group (P<0.05). The interval from the last PGF injection to ovulation did not differ significantly between the Ovsynch (73.0 ± 4.8h) and double PGF (66.0 ± 2.7h) groups respectively. Similarly the interval from standing estrus to ovulation was not significant between the Ovsynch (24.0 ± 3.7h) and double PGF (30.0 ± 2.7h) treatments respectively. Estrous duration was similar in both treatment groups (44.7 ± 4.9h for Ovsynch and 47.1 ± 2.9h for the 2PGF). The size of ovulatory follicle was similar in both treatment groups (Ovsynch, 7.1 ± 0.2mm; 2PGF, 7.1 ± 0.1mm). On day 7 after breeding, the ovulation rate (no. of CL's on the ovary) were similar in both the Ovsynch (1.6 ± 0.2) and double PGF (2.0 ± 0.2) groups. The pregnancy rate as determined by transrectal ultrasonography on day 30 (Fig. 1) revealed 6/10 (60%) in the Ovsynch and 11/14 (78%) in the double PGF groups respectively (not significant). Fecundity was similar for both treatment groups (1.6 ± 0.2). In Experiment 2 the interval from standing estrus to ovulation recorded was not significant (31.2 ± 2.9h and 36.0 ± 5.3h), the ovulatory diameter (6.8 ± 0.1mm, 7.2 ± 0.5 mm (P<0.05), the pregnancy rate (54% (6/11) and 64% (9/14), and fecundity (1.5 ± 0.5, 1.7 ± 0.5) were not significant between GnRH treated and control does respectively (Table 2). From these experiments it can be concluded that the Ovsynch protocol, which is a non-steroidal and safe approach for estrous synchronization appears to be similar to the double PGF injection protocol, in terms of the reproductive performance in goats. However, this needs to be tested on larger number of animals. Furthermore, the use of GnRH at the time of breeding does not improve the reproductive performance in goats. The data generated has important implications for commercial goat farming in the developing countries.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1295,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Cholesterol Addition To Buffalo Bull Semen During Cryopreservation Procedures On Post-Thaw Survival Of Spermatozoa
by Ahmad Yar Qamar | Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Cholesterol is an important constituent in the membrane fluidity regulation. This role becomes
more important in the cryopreservation of sperm cells where destabilization of plasma membrane
leads to intracellular ice formation causing death of the cell. The objective of the present study
was to verify if addition of cholesterol in semen extender has a beneficial effect on post-thaw
semen quality in buffalo bulls. This study was carried out at Al-Haiwan Sires, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
Cholesterol was added to Tris-citric acid semen extender in the form of cholesterol-loaded
cyclodextrin (CLC). Semen was collected by using artificial vagina (420 C) from four buffalo
bulls. Split pooled ejaculate (n = 7), having more than 60 % visual sperm motility, were diluted
at 370 C in extender containing CLC either 3mg Iml (LOW), 4 mgl ml (MED), 5 mg Iml (HIGH)
or without (CON). Motility of semen samples before freezing was checked and cryopreservation
was done through routine procedures. Beneficial effect of CLC in cryopreserved semen was .
assessed by post-thaw motility (%), live spermatozoa (%), morphological abnormalities (%),
normal acrosornes (%) and plasma membrane integrity (%) in four groups. Analysis of variance
revealed that motility before freezing was significantly (P<0.05) more in MED (68.93 ± 0.51 %)
as compared to CON and HIGH but non-significantly higher than LOW. Percent post thaw
motility (PTM) from semen samples containing MED concentration of CLC was the highest
(61.43 ± 0.74 %; P < 0.05) followed by LOW (50.36 ± l.15 %; P < 0.05) or HIGH (38.57 ± 2.66
%; P < 0.05) (Table 1). Percent PTM was the lowest in CON (32.86 ± 2.07 %; P < 0.05) semen
samples. Mean plasma membrane integrity (PM I) from semen samples containing MED
concentration of CLC was the highest (59.36 ± 1.32 %; P < 0.05) followed by LOW (51.93 ±
1.32 %; P < 0.05) or HIGH (44.00 ± 1.65 %; P < 0.05) and was least in CON (41.14 ± 1.71 %; P
< 0.05) semen samples. Mean normal acrosomes from semen samples containing MED
concentration of CLC was the highest (52.93 ± 1.78 %; P < 0.05) followed by HIGH (40.57 ±
2.01 %; P < 0.05) and CON (34.93 ± 2.89 %; P < 0.05) semen samples. Buffalo bull semen in
MED & LOW had significantly (P < 0.05) higher live sperm percentage (69.64 ± 1.84 & 61.43 ±
1.62, respectively) as compared to HIGH and CON samples. CON samples had significantly
(P<0.05) higher morphological abnormalities (9.86 ± 0.14 %) as compared to LOW & MED but
non-significantly higher as compared to HIGH samples. All the variables under study had strong
positive correlation (P < 0.01) with each other except morphological abnormalities having strong
negative correlation (P < 0.01) with all others. It is concluded that addition of cholesterol in
MED concentration (4 mg CLCI ml of semen extender) to buffalo bull semen can improve post-
thaw semen quality.
Conception rate of AI in buffaloes is generally lowered than in cows. Cholesterol is an
important constituent in the membrane fluidity regulation. This role becomes more important in
the cryopreservation of sperm cells where destabilization of plasma membrane leads to
intracellular ice formation causing death of the cell. The objective of the present study was to
verify if addition of cholesterol in semen extender has a beneficial effect on semen post-thaw
quality in buffalo bulls. This study was carried out at Al-Haiwan Sires, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
Cholesterol was added to Tris-citric acid semen extender in the form of cholesterol-loaded
cyclodextrin (CLC). Semen was collected by using artificial vagina (42° C) from four buffalo
bulls. Split pooled ejaculate (n = 7), having more than 60 % visual sperm motility, were diluted
at 37° C in extender containing CLC either 3mg Iml (LOW), 4 mgl ml (MED), 5 mg Iml (HIGH)
or without (CON). Motility of semen samples before freezing was checked and cryopreservation
was done through routine procedures. Further examination was done to check post-thaw motility
(%), live spermatozoa (%), morphological abnormalities (%), normal acrosomes (%) and plasma
membrane integrity (%) using phase contrast microscope and hypo osmotic swelling assays.
Analysis of variance revealed that motility before freezing was significantly (P<0.05) more in
MED (68.93 ± 0.5 I %) as compared to CON and HIGH but non-significantly higher than LOW.
Percent post thaw motility (PTM) from semen samples containing MED concentration of CLC
was the highest (61.43 ± 0.74 %; P < 0.05) followed by LOW (50.36 ± 1.15 %; P < 0.05) or
HIGH (38.57 ± 2.66 %; P < 0.05) (Table 1). Percent PTM was the lowest in CON (32.86 ± 2.07
%; P < 0.05) semen samples. Mean plasma membrane integrity (PMI) from semen samples
containing MED concentration of CLC was the highest (59.36 ± 1.32 %; P < 0.05) followed by
LOW (51.93 ± 1.32 %; P < 0.05) or HIGH (44.00 ± 1.65 %; P < 0.05) and was least in CON
(41. I 4 ± 1.71 %; P < 0.05) semen samples. Mean normal acrosomes from semen samples
containing MED concentration of CLC was the highest (52.93 ± 1.78 %; P < 0.05) followed by
HIGH (40.57 ± 2.01 %; P < 0.05) and CON (34.93 ± 2.89 %; P < 0.05) semen samples. Buffalo
bull semen in MED & LOW had significantly (P < 0.05) higher live sperm percentage (69.64 ±
1.84 & 6 1.43 ± 1.62, respectively) as compared to HIGH and CON samples. CON samples had
significantly (P<0.05) higher morphological abnormalities (9.86 ± 0.14 %) as compared to LOW
& MED but non-significantly higher as compared to HIGH samples. All the variables under
study had strong positive correlation (P < 0.01) with each other except morphological
abnormalities having strong negative correlation (P < 0.01) with all others. It is concluded that
addition of cholesterol in MED concentration (4 mg CLCf ml of semen extender) to buffalo bull
semen can improve post-thaw semen quality.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1398,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of (Estradiol Benzoate) On Estrus Response And Fertility In Cidr Treated Crossbred Heifers.
by Muhammad Usman Mehmood | Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Dr. Muhammad | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Commercial dairy farming in Pakistan is rapidly growing. Crossbred dairy animals hold promise because of two reasons, first that they are significantly high producer than buffalo, Sahiwal, Cholistani and Desi cows and secondly that they are much more adaptable as compared to exotic (Friesian or Jerseys) cows. Generally, replacement heifers remain ignored by the owners in term of feeding and early achievement of puberty as they are not producing. Estradiol promotes tighter synchrony and ovulation and provides opportunity for fixed time A.I as reported earlier in Holstein dairy cows. Use of CIDR has been reported to be effective for synchronization in variety of dairy animals including buffaloes, dairy and beef cows. However no such report has been published on crossbred heifers. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of estradiol benzoate (EB) on estrus intensity, response and fertility in CIDR treated cross bred heifers.Crossbred heifers with average body condition of 3 ± 0.5, located at four farms were assigned throughout one year to receive one of the two treatments. Crossbred heifers with EB (n = 50) or without EB (n = 50). All the heifers were treated with Controlled Internal Drug Releasing Device (CIDR; 1.38 mg Progesterone; Pfizer, USA) on day 0 and were administered injection of PGF2?, (0.150 mg; Dalmazine®, Fatro, Italy; 2 ml; i.m.) on day 6 followed by removal of CIDR on day 7. Estradiol benzoate (400µg/4ml, i.m. Sigma Aldrich Germany) was administered 24 h after the CIDR removal. Estrus detection was carried out by visual observation; twice daily for at least 30 min, beginning after CIDR removal till insemination. All heifers were fixed time inseminated with frozen-thawed semen after 48 and 60 h after CIDR removal, respectively. Pregnancy status was determined by ultrasonography (HS 1500V; Honda; Japan, with 7.5 MHz probe) between days 30 and 40 post AI. Estrus response and pregnancy rate were analyzed using Chi-square test. Pregnancy rate was determined by number pregnant/number treated x 100. The estrus response was 100% in both the groups. The estrus intensity was higher 2.9 ± 0.1in the EB heifers compared to the controls 2.0 ± 0.7. The results showed that pregnancy rate was 54% (27/50) in EB and 36% (18/50) in without EB heifers. The overall pregnancy rate was 45% (45/100). It is concluded that estradiol benzoate in CIDR protocol intensified the signs of estrus without affecting the response, with higher fertility in crossbred heifers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1502,T] (1).
4.
Effect of Timing of Artificial Insemination and Ovulation in Relation to Onset of Standing Heat on Pregnancy Rate in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Umair Riaz | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Artificial insemination (AI) is one of the first and most influential biotechnologies of animal agriculture. To be beneficial artificial insemination must be done properly. There are many factors involved in quality of AI performance, including insemination technique, technician, semen quality, cleanliness, etc. However, the single most important factor in achieving high conception rate in buffalo is the timing of AI relative to the timing of ovulation. Application of AI is difficult because of poor estrus expression by buffaloes and poor estrus detection by owners, a highly variable duration of estrus and the difficulty to predict time of ovulation. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of A.I at different time intervals (0, 12, 24 hours after the onset of standing heat) in relation to time of ovulation on pregnancy rate in buffalo. For this purpose, buffaloes with average body condition 2.5 ± 0.5 at Livestock Experimental Station Bhuneki, Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki District Kasur during breeding season (September to December) were exposed to teaser bull two times in a day at 12 hours interval (6:00 am in morning and 6:00 pm in evening) to determine the standing heat (0h). Buffaloes, allocated randomly, at different time intervals i.e., either 0, 12 or 24 hours after the onset of standing heat were bred artificially using frozen thawed semen. Trans-rectal ultrasonography (HS 1500V; Honda; Japan, with 7.5 MHz transducer) was used to determine ovarian follicular development and ovulation, from onset of standing heat till ovulation after every 12 hours. Pregnancy status was determined by ultrasonography, 30 to 40 days post AI. Results revealed that the overall time of ovulation from onset of standing heat averaged 35.33 ± 0.21 h. Pregnancy rates were 26% (8/30) at 0 h, 37% (10/27) at 12 h and 53% (15/28) at 24 h after the onset of standing heat. It is concluded that timing of ovulation is about 35 h and 24
maximum pregnancy rate are achieved when bred after 24 hours after the onset of heat in buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1694,T] (1).
5.
Effect Of Control Internal Drug Release & Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Administration On Day 7 After Fixed Time
by Ali Husnain | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr Mian Abdul sattar | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1697,T] (1).
6.
Effect Of L-Cysteine And Glutathione On Post Thaw Quality Of Sahiwal Bull Spermatozoa
by Farhan Younas (2007-VA-495) | Prof. Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Dr. Syed Murtaza Hasan Andrabi | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Freezing and thawing of semen leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
due to plasma membrane lipid peroxidation. Because of this semen quality can be
compromised. To overcome this problem, antioxidants have been used in cryopreservation
medium. Glutathione and cysteine have thiol groups which penetrate into the cell and protect
it from oxidative stress. In this study, effect of different concentrations of cysteine and
glutathione on post thaw quality of Sahiwal bull spermatozoa was determined.
Semen was collected with artificial vagina from five mature regular donor Sahiwal
bulls kept at the Semen Production Unit Qadirabad, Sahiwal. Semen samples possessing
>60% motility and >500x10
6
sperm/ml were included in study. After collection, semen
samples from five bulls were pooled, divided into seven equal aliquots and kept at 37 ºC in
water bath. After that dilution was done with Tris citric egg yolk extender having different
concentrations of cysteine and glutathione as Con (0.0 mM), C1 (1.0 mM cystein), G1 (1.0
mM glutathione), CG0.5/1(0.5 mM Cysteine+1.0 mM glutathione), CG1/0.5 (1.0 mM
cysteine+0.5 mM Glutathione), CG0.5/0.5 (0.5 mM cysteine+0.5 mM glutathione) and
CG1/1 (1.0 mM cysteine+1.0 mM glutathione). Diluted samples were cooled to 4ºC in two
hours and equilibrated for 4 hours at 4
o
C. After that they were packaged into 0.5 ml French
semen straws (20x10
6
sperm/straw). All semen straws were placed 4cm above liquid nitrogen
surface in vapors for 10 minutes. Then, semen straws were plunged into liquid nitrogen for
freezing and stored until post thaw analysis. The experiment was repeated for five times
(replicates = 5). Four semen straws/treatment were thawed for 30 seconds in water bath at
37ºC and evaluated for visual motility, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), acrosome integrity,
mitochondrial trans membrane potential and CASA motility parameters and kinematics.
42
Summary
PMI in group CG0.5/0.5 was significantly higher (40.00±1.42 %) as compared to Con
26.67±0.80 (P<0.5). Plasma membrane integrity in groups CG1/1, CG0.5/1, G1 and C1 was
significantly higher (36.00±1.88 %, 36.20±1.07 %, 33.60±1.21 % and 32.80±0.80 %
respectively) as compared to Con (26.67±0.80 %) (P<0.05). There was no significant
difference in C1 (32.80±0.80 %) and G1 (33.60±1.21 %) (P>0.05). In case of acrosome
integrity, NAR value of group CG0.5/0.5 was significantly higher (71.40±1.08 %) as
compared to Con (59.67±0.37 %) (P<0.05). All other groups also showed significant
differences as compared to Con (P<0.05). CG0.5/0.5 also showed significantly higher NAR
value (71.40±1.08 %) as compared to C1 (64.40±1.40 %) and G1 (67.60±2.07 %) (P<0.05).
CG0.5/0.5 had significantly higher value (71.40±1.08 %) as compared to CG1/0.5 and CG1/1
(65.60±0.81 % and 68.80±0.97 % respectively) (P<0.05). CG0.5/0.5 had significantly higher
subjective motility (54.00±1.88) as compared to Con (36.66±0.92)
Mitochondrial transmembrane potential of CG0.5/0.5 was significantly higher
(37.00±0.71 %) as compared to Con (25.33±1.28 %) (P<0.05). All the other treatment groups
also had higher mitochondrial transmembrane potential as compared to Con (P<0.05). In
groups of combination of cysteine and glutathione, CG0.5/0.5 showed significant difference
(37.00±0.71 %) as compared to CG1/1 and CG1/0.5 (29.00±1.00 % and 33.80±0.86 %)
respectively (P<0.05).
CASA results showed that CG1/1 had significantly higher motility as compared to the
control. But the percentage of progressive spermatozoa was significantly higher in
CG0.5/0.5. VSL of group CG0.5/0.5 was significantly higher (53.33±2.90 %) as compared to
Con (45.10±0.50 %). However, VSL, VCL, ALH and BCF did not vary significantly among
groups. STR and LIN of group CG0.5/0.5 were significantly higher as compared to the
control group.
43
Summary
In conclusion, addition of cysteine and glutathione in tris citric egg yolk extender
improved the post thaw quality of Sahiwal bull spermatozoa. In case of additive effect of
cysteine and glutathione, CG0.5/0.5 showed higher plasma membrane integrity, acrosome
integrity, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, progressive and rapid spermatozoa as
compared to CG0.5/1, CG1/0.5 and CG1/1.
44 Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2318-T] (1).
7.
Comparison Of Commercial Triladyl Extender With A Tris-Citric-Egg-Yolk (TCEY) Extender On Post-Thaw Semen Quality Of Nili Ravi Buffalo
by Muhammad Asad Ullah Khan | Prof. Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Mansur ud Din Ahmad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Cryopreservation of semen is the most important step for its usage in artificial insemination. Freezing of semen leads to a remarkable reduction in post-thaw semen quality. Therefore, selection of a better semen extender has always been considered priority that could serve as a good cryoprotectant.. Our semen production units (SPUs) have been using Tris based egg yolk semen extender since long time. Some modern SPUs like CEBG are using commercially available semen extenders for better post-thaw semen quality.
After collection pooled semen divided into two equal aliquots in separate sterilized test tubes and kept in water bath at 37 ºC. Semen was diluted with each of extender (TCEY and Triladyl) on the basis of sperm concentration (40x106sperm/ ml). Diluted semen was placed bottles and placed in safety cabinet cooled to 4 ºC over and equilibrated for 4 hrs. After equilibration semen was filled in 0.5 ml French straws (20x106sperm/ 0.5 ml). All semen straws placed in automatic freezer 4cm above liquid nitrogen surface in vapors for 10 minutes. Liquid Nitrogen vapors used in automatic programmable freezer to reduce temperature from 4 ºC to -180 ºC and then plunged into liquid nitrogen -196 ºC for freezing and was stored until analyzed. The experiment was repeated for seven times (replicates = 07)
CASA sperm motility parameter and kinematics were analyzed at Center of Excellence for Bovine Genetics (CEBG) Renala khurd District Okara. For further analysis frozen semen straws were brought to the Department of Theriogenology UVAS, Lahore. Effects of Triladyl and TCEY on post-thaw semen quality of the Nili Ravi buffalo semen were compared.
Summary
54
In Triladyl group, significantly (P<0.05) higher post-thaw motility (PTM %), Plasma membrane integrity (PMI, %),) DNA integrity (%), Live percentage was found. However, no significant (P<0.05) difference was found regarding NAR results between both groups. Sperm abnormalities were found significantly lower in Triladyl group as compared to TCEY group.
In overall assessment regarding and post-thaw CASA motility parameters, CASA motility, (PROG %), rapid (RAP %), medium (MED%), and slow (Slow, %) and sperm motility kinematics (VAP μm/sec), (VSL μm/sec), (VCL μm/sec), (ALH μm), (BCF HZ), (STR%) and (LIN%) Triladyl was found better than TCEY.
This was concluded that use of commercial semen extender Triladyl resulted in significantly better post-thaw semen quality as compared to Tris citric egg yolk (TCEY) extender. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2581-T] (1).
8.
Comparison Of The Cryoprotective Effect Ofquailand Chicken Egg Yolk On The Freezability Of Nili-Ravi Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa
by Kamran Khaliq (2014-VA-812) | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Dr. Wasim Shehzad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Pakistan is one of the most important agricultural country. Livestock as a subsector of agriculture contributes 11.4% in the national economy and 56.3% in agriculture. Buffalo is honored as the black gold of Pakistan and Nili-Ravi is the most important animal in this regard. Approximately 60% of the total milk produced within a country comes from buffalo. Artificial insemination is considered to be the most important tool for the prompt genetic improvement of livestock. Mammalian spermatozoa undergo many structural and biochemical changes during cryopreservation which may leads to an impaired fertility. Buffalo bull spermatozoa are sensitive and more prone to damage than cattle. Various experiments have been conducted in order to improve the post thaw semen quality which includes supplementation of egg yolk from different bird species that tends to work as a cryoprotectent against cold shock. In the present study it is assumed that replacement of chicken egg yolk with quail egg yolk in cryodiluents improves the freezability of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull spermatozoa.
Three adult Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls without any clinical reproductive anomaly and kept at Semen Production Unit (SPU), Qadirabad District Sahiwal were used in this study. Semen from these three experimental bulls was collected twice a day twice a week by using an artificial vagina already maintained at 42 ºC. Each bull was subjected to a minimum of seven replicas. Both semen samples were collected on each collection day from each of the three experimental bulls with an interval of about ten minutes between the ejaculates. After initial evaluation for sperm motility and concentration, both ejaculates collected from the same bull at the same collection day were pooled and again evaluated for sperm cell concentration. Every pooled semen sample was then divided into five aliquots and extended with one of the five experimental extenders namely A, B, C, D, and E in order to maintain a final concentration of 40 million spermatozoa per 0.54 ml of diluted semen. Instantly after dilution motility percentile for each semen sample was recorded. After filling, open ends of straws were sealed with polyvinyl pyrolidine powder and allowed to cool and then it was stored at 4-5 ºC for equilibration. Finally the samples were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. On post thaw evaluation, motility, live/dead count, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, and DNA integrity along with CASA evaluation parameters for motility characteristics were performed. Data were analyzed by means of two way ANOVAand comparison between means was done by using Duncan’s multiple range test. Results showed that post-extension motility and DNA integrity did not differ significantly between extender A and E. While post-thaw motility, plasmolemma intactness, acrosomal integrity, and viable sperm count was found to be higher in extender E compared to extender A. Similarly, CASA evaluation factors like progressive sperm cells motility, straight line velocity, straightness, linearity index, and the percentile of rapidly moving spermatozoa were also significantly different among extender E and A. While curvilinear velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement was higher in extender B that contained 5% QEY. So it was concluded that substitution of 20% CEY with 20% QEY in cryodiluents resulted in an improved post-thaw motility, viable sperm count, plasmolemma intactness, and sperm kinematics. Furthermore, it was seen that reduction in the concentration of QEY from 20% to 5% resulted in decreased sperm motility characteristics.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2686-T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Β-Carotene And Tocopherol On Pregnancy Rate In Cidr Synchronized Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Muhammad Bilal Munawar (2015-VA-16) | Prof. Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Buffalo is of unique importance in livestock and dairy industry of Pakistan due to its high milk production and shares 65% of total milk production. Reproduction is important to get good production and profit in dairy sector. Reproduction in buffalo is compromised due to its small size ovaries, poor ovarian reserves and less pronounced estrus intensity, resulting as low fertility. Synchronization techniques including CIDR based protocols are well established in cows and getting popularity in buffaloes but with low results, comparatively. Therefore, some modifications are required based on physiology of estrus cycle in buffalo. This was hypothesized that additional injection of Dalmavital in CIDR base protocol will enhance the pregnancy rates and embryonic liability by minimizing the oxidative stress. Therefore, present study is conducted to evaluate the effect Dalmavital on estrus response, Estrus intensity, Pregnancy rates and embryonic losses in CIDR synchronized Nili-Ravi buffalo. For this, buffaloes were scanned ultrasonically for the reproductive tract evaluation. Reproductively sound buffaloes were selected and randomly allocated to one of the two treatment group. 86 buffaloes with normal reproductive tract were assigned in two groups 1; CIDR group (n = 43) and 2; CIDR+D (n = 43). AI was performed twice at 48 and 60 hours after CIDR removal. Estrus response (ER) did not differ significantly (P >0.05) in groups, CIDR and CIDR-D but estrus intensity (EI) was statistically significant (P<0.05) in treatment group. Pregnancy rates were also non-significant (P>0.05) in treatment and control group but improved comparatively in CIDR-D group (63% in CIDR-D group and 56% in CIDR group). Embryonic and fetal losses were also non-significant (P>0.05) between the control and treatment group. Results were also compared in cyclic and non-cyclic, Milking and dry, BCS and parity. Results were non-significant in milking and dry, BCS and Parity. Pregnancy rates were found different significantly (P<0.05) in cyclic and non-cyclic animals, when treatment
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is ignored. From the present study it can be concluded that Dalmavital may have good effect on estrus intensity in CIDR synchronized Nili-Ravi buffalo.
Nili-Ravi buffalo is known as black gold of Pakistan. They produce about 2500 liters of milk with 6.5% butter fat. Despite of benefits, this breed is highly influenced with low reproductive activity that include prolonged pubertal period, poor exhibition of estrus, inadequate ovarian activity, long calving interval, high embryonic mortality and low fertility rate with artificial insemination. These factors reduce buffalo’s reproduction which leads to great economic losses. Therefore, there is dire need to address these problems and to orchestrate novel approaches to enhance the reproductive efficiency of buffalo. In cows, during last six to decades, researchers have considerably devised certain strategies to synchronize estrus with the help of prostaglandins, progestagens and estrogens. The advent of these hormones or synchronization protocols helped significantly in improving reproductive management. Moreover, the use of fixed time artificial insemination protocols resulted in acceptable fertility. However, these tools provide inconsistent results to manage reproduction in buffalo. Therefore, unprecedented approaches are required to facilitate and improve the buffalo reproduction. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2803-T] (1).
